How does a parallel circuit differ from a series circuit?

In a parallel circuit, components are connected across common points, which allows multiple pathways for current to flow. This configuration means that if one component fails or is removed, the other components can still operate independently. Each component in a parallel circuit receives the same voltage supply, but the current can vary depending on the resistance of each component.

In contrast, series circuits have all components connected in a single path, leading to a single pathway for electrical current. This means if one component fails, the entire circuit is interrupted. In series circuits, the total resistance is the sum of the individual resistances, and the voltage across each component may differ depending on their resistances.

Understanding this fundamental difference is crucial as it affects how components function in a circuit, their operational reliability, and how they are suited to specific applications in electrical systems.